Women on Stamps

 60 Pfg. Dorothea Exleben 1715-1762 was the first woman in Germany,who obtained a doctorate in medicine.

            At the time woman were not allowed to study in universities.She send a petition to Frederic the Great,

            who gave order in 1741 to the university of Halle,to let her do a doctorate.

            It took till 1899 before women in Germany could study medicine in full. Stamp issued Sept.17th,1987.

120 Pfg. Elizabeth Selbert 1896-1986 (lawyer and politician),issued Nov.6th,1987.

 10 Pfg. Paula Modersohn-Becker 1876-1907 (expressionistic painter),issued April 14th,1988.

350 Pfg. Hedwig Dransfeld 1871-1925 (politician,women´s rights activist),issued Nov.10th,1988

500 Pfg. Alice Salomon 1872-1948 (sociology educationalist,women´s rights activist),issued Jan 12th,1989

5 Pfg.    Emma Ihrer 1857-1911 (politician and trade union acrivist),issued Feb.6th,1989

300 Pfg. Fanny Hensel 1805-1847.Baptized as Fanny Cäcilie Mendelssohn-Bartholdi.She was a pianist and

             classical composer.Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdi was her brother.Together they studied music.

             Unlike her brother,she was not allowed by her family - her father was a rich banker - to perform

             professionally or publish her compositions,because this was not "lady-like".Since the 1970th

             her compositions were partially published.Issued Aug.10th,1989

Except of the 120 Pfg.-value all stamps of that series up to here,were also issued with the additional

inscription "Berlin" in Western-Berlin.In used condition they are sought after and remarkable expensive.

30 Pfg. Käthe Kollwitz 1867-1945 graphic artist,sculptor and painter.She was one of the most important

           german expressionists.She was political engaged as a pacifist and socialist.Many of her works

           have a politcal message.

70 Pfg. Elisabeth Boehm 1859-1943,founder of the first professional-rural-housewifes association in

           Eastern Prussia and Germany.

I have to start with stamp of the famous women definitive series,issued Feb.14th,1991 I do not have.

150 Pfg. Sophie Scholl 1921-1943 was a member of the "Weiße Rose" anti-Nazi resistance movement.

             She was caught in flagranti,when handing out anti-Nazi pamphlets in Munic University on Feb.18th,1943.

             The chief-justice of the "Volksgerichtshof" Roland Freisler presided the court,what condemned her to death

             on Feb.22nd.She was excecuted in the evening the same day.

        

             The shown stamp was issued in a souvenir sheet on July 20th,1964

200 Pfg. Bertha von Suttner 1843-1914.She was born as Countess Kinsky in Prague.Herr father,a general

             died before she was born at the age of 74.

             She became a pacifist,peace activist and author.Her most famous book is "Die Waffen nieder ! "

             (english title: Lay down your arms !).

             She won as the first woman the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905.For a short while she had been Nobel´s secretary

             and the peace prize was created by Nobel,who wanted her to become the first laureate,upon her stimulus.

             But she had to wait till 1905.

             Stamp issued Feb.14th 1991

400 Pfg. Charlotte von Stein 1742-1827.She was a lady of the court of the duchess Helene Amalie.

             She was very cultured and became the confident of Goethe.Goethe´s love to her is documented by

             the more than 1700 letters he wrote to her.

             Issued Jan.9th,1992

450 Pfg. Hedwig Courths-Maler 1867-1950.She was a prolific writer of novels,mostly love-novels.Not of great

             literary value but,probably because of that,very successful.She wrote 208 novels,selling more than

             80 millions books.

             Issued June 11th,1992

 80 Pfg. Rahel Varnhagenvon Ense 1771-1833 was a writer of romanticism.More important was her

            literary salon in Berlin,where many important people came together for discussions.

            She argued for the jewish emancipation,convetred herself to Protestantism.

            issued Oct.13th,1994

100 Pfg. Luise Henriette von Oranien 1627-1667.From the dutch wing of the house of Oranien (Orange),

             she married Friedrich Wilhelm,prince elector (Later called "The great Prince Elector") of

             Brandenburg.She was close to Friedrich Wilhelm,influencing his politics profoundly.Friedrich

             Wilhelm laid the foundation of the Kingdom in Prussia.His son Friedrich I,took the title of

             King in Prussia.

             issued Oct.13th,1994

100 Pfg. Marlene Dietrich 1901-1992,actress and chansonette.She left Germany,because of the Nazi-rule

             and settled in the USA.

             issued Aug.14th,1997

100 Pfg./0.51 € Grete Weiser 1903-1970.Actress,film mostly supporting parts,cabaret-singer.

                        issued Nov.9th,2000

110 Pfg./0.51 € Käte Strobel 1907-1996,a social democratic politician.Member of the west-german

                       parliament 1949/72,federal minister 1966/72.

                       issued  Nov.9th,2000

300 Pfg./1.53 € Nelly (Leonie) Sachs 1891-1970.A lyric poet and playwright.Being jewish,she left Germany

                        just with the last possibility in May 1940 for Sweden,where she lived till her death.

                        She became a swedish citizen in 1953.In 1966 she got the Nobel-Prize for Literature.

                        Although her Swedish was almost perfect (she translated swedish lyrics into German),

                        she made her Nobel-Prize accepting speech in German.She said I am deeply afraid of

                        Germany and do not want to live there again,but the german language is my homeland.

Missing:

220 Pfg./1.12 € Marieluise Fleißer 1901-1974,writer and playwright.She spend more than sixty years in

                       her hometown Ingolstadt,center of many of her works.

                       

O.45 € Annette von Droste Hülshoff 1797-1848. Born as Anna Elisabeth Franzisca Adolphina Wilhelmina Ludovica Freiin von Droste

           zu Hülshoff into one of the oldest nobel families of Westphalia (her anchestry went back for 20 generations),was the most

           eminent female poet and author of 19th century Germany.All her life of poor health,she spent her later years on

           Meersburg castle on Lake Constanz.Her most famous novel "Die Judenbuche" is still today required reading in schools

           in Germany.She was also a muscian,singer and composer,but never performed in public.

0.55 € Hildegard Knef 1925-2002 was an actress and singer,as well as author of several best-selling books.She lived some time in the US,

          and became a US-citizen in 1950.She acted in many films,but mainly in Germany.In 2000 she re-obtained her german citizenship.

          both stamps were issued on Dec.27th,2002 

Elsa Brändström (1888-1948),swedish philantropist.Born in St.Petersburg (Russia) as daughter of a swedish diplomat.

In the first world war she volunteered to work in hospitals treating wounded russian soldiers.When german prisoners of

war were treated badly,she went to help them.She even entered a train,what brought p.o.w.to Siberia and stayed with them

in a p.o.w. camp.Later she moved to the US,where she helped german refugees,fleeing Nazi-Germany,to get visas for the US

and helped,where she could.

stamp issued Oct.23rd,1951; from a set of 4;

Elizabeth Fry 1780-1854 was an english social- and prison-reformer and philantropist.

She also worked in her field in other countries,like France and Prussia.

King Friedrich (Frederik) Wilhelm IV of Prussia was so impressed by her,that he met

her in 1842,during an official visit of Britain,in New Gate Prison.

stamp issued Dec.28th,1954

Bertha Pappenheim 1859 - 1936,born into a wealthy german-jewish family,was a social worker,author and poet.
In 1907 she founded the "Jüdischer Frauenbund" (Jewish Women Association) JFB.The JFB aimed to achieve equal
rights for jewish woman within the jewish community.The JFB joined the "Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine" (BDF)
(Confederation of German Women Associations) in 1907.The JFB was the biggest jewish charity orgabization in
Germany with more than 50.000 members.
Pappenheim saw her greatest achievement in founding a home (1907) for illegitimate children,women saved from prostitution
and women under the thread of traffic in human beings,what was not uncommon in the jewish communities in
Eastern Europe.The home in Neu Isenburg,near Frankfurt was destroyed by the Nazis in 1938,two years after Pappenheims
death from cancer in 1936.
In her early twenties she suffered badly from "hysteria".Her doctor,Josef Breuer together with Sigmund Freud wrote

a study about her case:"Patient Anna O.",the theoretical foundation of the psychoanalysis.

Freud later called Pappenheim (Anna O.) the founder of the psychoanalysis.

1974 Illustrated envelope

1976 Sc4453 from internet after her death

1940 Sc 784-88 - 2nd All-Union Physical Culture Day

Top - Relay race

Middle - Marching into stadium

Bottom - Only in Russia. the dangerous sport of "Throwing The Grenade"

Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910) was an english nurse and social reformer.

She helped to inroduce the modern western professional nursing education.

She worked on the same field in India and fought for social reforms to help the native population.

She was also a good mathematician,specializing in statistics.

stamp issued Nov.15th,1955;